SC 1-27: Evaluation of Sex-Specific Differences in Lung Cancer Radiation Risks and Recommendations for Use in Transfer and Projection Models

is a professor in the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences at Colorado State University (CSU). His research, which takes advantage of murine models of radiation carcinogenesis and leukemogenesis, is focused on understanding how radiation exposure can lead to cancer and why some individuals may be more susceptible than others. At CSU, Dr. Weil teaches a graduate level course in cancer genetics and lectures in courses on cancer biology, environmental carcinogenesis, principles of radiation biology, and the pathobiology of laboratory animals.

Dr. Weil earned his PhD in Microbiology from the University of Texas at Austin and was trained in cancer genetics and radiation biology in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biochemistry and the Department of Experimental Radiotherapy at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Dr. Weil is a former Radiation Research Society council member and has served on National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Defense, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant review panels.

is currently a Special Government Employee (Expert) with the Radiation Protection Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) where he had served as Statistician since 1997. His current focus is the reassessment of the EPA radiogenic cancer risk estimates. He is a co-author of the Blue Book on EPA's most recent radiogenic risk models and an EPA technical report on its assessment of risks from radon in homes. In 2003, as the second Beebe Fellow, he studied methods to improve cancer-specific radiogenic risk estimates at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Hiroshima, Japan and the National Cancer Institute in 2004. Dr. Pawel was a member of the RERF Statistics Department from 1992 to 1994. He is a member of NCRP and served on its committee on uncertainties in internal dose estimates. He is also a member of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), and he currently serves as Senior Technical Advisor for UNSCEAR's committee on Epidemiological Studies of Radiation and Cancer. He has a BS in Mathematics from the College of William and Mary, an MS in Statistics from Rutgers University, and a PhD in Statistics from the University of Wyoming.

is Professor of Epidemiology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He is Past President of NCRP (2012 to 2018) and currently the Director of Science. After being awarded Doctor of Science in Epidemiology from Harvard University Dr. Boice went on to join the world-renowned National Cancer Institute (NCI) where he developed, and then in 1984 became the first chief of, the Radiation Epidemiology Branch. He remained in the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) for 27 y retiring as Captain. From 1997 to 2017, he was a member of the Main Commission of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, and for 25 y from 1993, a member of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Dr. Boice has made substantial and significant contributions to our understanding of the risks posed by exposure to radiation, with over 550 publications in the scientific literature, many of them providing key elements for the scientific basis of radiological protection. He has been invited to deliver many distinguished lectures, including the Lauriston Taylor Lecture of the NCRP and the Sievert Lecture of the International Radiation Protection Association. His awards include the Harvard School of Public Health Alumni Award of Merit, the EO Lawrence Award from the U.S. Department of Energy, the Gorgas Medal from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States, the outstanding alumnus award from the University of Texas at El Paso, the Distinguished Service Medal from the USPHS, the NCI Director's Award in 2021, and recently he was elected Honorary Fellow of the U.K. Society for Radiological Protection in 2022. The "John D Boice Jr Young Investigator Award" was established by NCRP in 2019 to recognize early career professionals. He currently serves on the Steering Committees for the Image Gently Alliance and for the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (St. Jude). Dr. Boice has worked tirelessly to direct and advance the U.S. Million Person Study of nuclear workers and atomic test veterans, which will add significantly to our knowledge of the effects of prolonged exposure to low levels of radiation.

is an Attending Physicist in the Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and serves at their Corporate Radiation Safety Officer. He serves as a member of the Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. He is a former Board member and current Council member of NCRP and is the Scientific Director of the Million Person Study. He has served as Chair or Co-Chair on several NCRP scientific committees associated with radiation protection of workers, patients, and members of the public. He served 7 y on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Committee 3, Radiation Protection in Medicine.

is the Associate Chief of Research at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Dr. Grant received his BSEE from the University of Michigan and his PhD in Epidemiology from the University of Washington. He worked as a computer programmer for the University of Michigan Medical Center prior to coming to RERF where he served in several positions prior to his current post.

RERF's mission is to study the long-term health effects due to radiation exposure to the atomic bombings. Dr. Grant's research has focused on solid cancer risks of radiation exposure. He has also published on hormonal changes among women after whole-body exposure, and on the lack of evidence of trans-generational mortality effects of radiation exposure among the children of the atomic-bomb survivors.

Dr. Grant is the principal investigator of a project bringing Master- and PhD-level students to RERF to complete projects using RERF data. This outreach program has been successful in recruiting students to radiation-related research positions. Dr. Grant is also working to improve data sharing policies to improve collaborative research opportunities with students and scientists around the world.

was trained in mathematics and statistics at the University of California (Berkeley) and graduated with highest honors. He received a PhD from the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill), and completed a post-doctoral fellowship in preventive medicine at Stanford University. Dr. Hoel is a Distinguished University Professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. At the University he has taught foundations of epidemiology and directed PhD students in their dissertation research. Prior to joining the Medical University, Dr. Hoel was a research scientist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) for over 20 y in various positions, primarily as Director of the Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment (Departments of Epidemiology, Statistics, Molecular Toxicology and Biochemical Toxicology). While at NIEHS Dr. Hoel was also the acting Scientific Director for 2 y and the acting Institute Director and Director of the National Toxicology Program for one year. He served on 30 different National Academy of Sciences (NAS) committees. For the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), he served on 16 different advisory committees, including chairing of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Expert Panel on benzene. This service includes 7 y as a member of the EPA’s Science Advisory Board’s Health Committee. Internationally, Dr. Hoel has been a member of five scientific working groups for the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization.

is a scientist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia where she works on space radiation risk modeling, countermeasure approaches and technologies supporting human space exploration missions. She previously served as the Deputy Element Scientist for the NASA Space Radiation Element at the Johnson Space Center and was responsible for scientific management and strategic planning, ensuring that the Element’s research portfolio was organized to understand and mitigate radiation health risks for the astronaut corp. She was a visiting scientist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and is an experienced user of the NASA Space Radiation Research Laboratory where her research work centered on evaluation of the effects of charged particle radiation on cancer processes using advanced human three-dimenstional cell culture models. She joined NASA in 2004 as the lead scientist for the Advanced Technology Development Laboratory in the Cell Science Program.

Dr. Huff has held the positions of research assistant professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, where she studied integrin-mediated cancer cell migration and metastasis, and was also a research scientist at Bioforce Nanosciences, Inc., a bio-nanotechnology company specializing in development of ultraminiaturized biodiagnostic tools and technologies. She received a BS in Microbiology and a BA in Psychology from the University of Rochester, and earned a PhD in Microbiology from the University of Virginia studying molecular biology, oncogenes and signal transduction in the laboratory of J. Thomas Parsons.

Dr. Huff was elected to the NCRP in 2017, was a member of Scientific Committee (SC) 1-24P2: Radiation Exposures in Space and the Potential of Central Nervous System Effects, and currently serves on SC 1-27: Evaluation of Sex-Specific Differences in Lung Cancer Radiation Risks and Recommendations for Use in Transfer and Projection Models. She was a member of the Organizing Committee for the 2019 and 2020 NCRP Annual Meetings.

has a BS in mathematics from Humboldt State University, Arcata, California and an MS and a PhD in Biostatistics from University of California Los Angeles. In 1981, after 3 y at Bell Labs, he began working on atomic-bomb survivor studies at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Hiroshima, where he worked for the next 23 y. While at RERF he developed a class of risk regression models and modelling software that are widely used for dose‐response modelling in radiation epidemiology and other areas, took a lead role in the preparation of major reports on radiation effects on cancer and noncancer mortality and incidence rates in the survivor cohorts, and oversaw the implementation of two new dosimetry systems. He has had a 30 y association with the Radiation Epidemiology Branch of the National Cancer Institute and has worked on studies of the Russian Mayak Worker and Techa River cohorts for more than 25 y. Since returning to the United States in 2004, Dr. Preston has continued to work on the analyses of cancer risks in the atomic-bomb survivors, Mayak Workers, Techa River residents, U.S. radiologic technologists, and other exposed populations. Other professional activities include service as a consultant to United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and various Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation committees, as a member of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Committee 1, and as an associate editor of Radiation Research. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Statistical Association and an author of almost 200 peer‐reviewed articles.

began his professional career in radiation research in 1989 conducting experimental studies while a PhD student at the Southern Ural Biophysics Institute (SUBI). His thesis addressed cellular lung immunity after inhalation intake of Pu-239. Dr Sokolnikov joined the radiation epidemiology laboratory of SUBI in 1996 as a researcher, studying cancer effects following protracted occupational exposure to external gamma radiation combined with exposure to internally deposited alpha‐emitting Pu-239 among the cohort of Russian nuclear workers at the Mayak complex. The pattern of exposure in this cohort differs from that in atomic-bomb survivors by the type of radiation (external gamma exposure plus internal exposure to alpha particles) and the pattern of dose accumulation (chronic versus acute). Dr. Sokolnikov participated in a large‐scale study funded by Russian Federal Government together with governments or funding agencies from the European Union (EU) and the United States in 1996. In particular he participated in EU research program INCO‐Copernicus and EU research framework programs 6 and 7. Since 1996 he participated in research coordinated by Joint Coordinating Committee for Radiation Effects Research as a researcher and since 2006 as a Principal Investigator. In 2005, Dr. Sokolnikov became the Head of the Radiation Epidemiology Laboratory and in 2016 became the Head of the Epidemiology Division of Southern Urals Biophysics Institute. He was a member of the International Agency for Research on Cancer committee that prepared the recent monograph (Volume 100D) on effects of radiation exposure. In May 2017 he was elected as a member of International Commission on Radiological Protection Committee 1.

is a professor at the University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. Dr. Story earned his PhD from Colorado State University. He holds the David A. Pistenmaa, MD, PhD Distinguished Chair in Radiation Oncology, serves as Vice-Chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology, Chief of the Section of Molecular Radiation Biology, and Director of the Pre-clinical Radiation Core Facility. Dr. Story serves on the editorial board of Mutagenesis, Scientific Reports, Translational Cancer Research and the Publications Committee of the Congress of Space Research (COSPAR). Dr. Story is a member of the Scientific Program sub-Committee and Executive Committee of the Particle Therapy Cooperative Group (PTCOG). Dr. Story is also a member of the Board of Directors of NCRP.

Dr. Story directs the radiobiology course for the Medical Physics graduate program and the Radiation Oncology medical resident program and was a faculty member for National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Space Radiation Summer School. Dr. Story's research is focused on five areas associated with radiation exposure: (1) delineating the effects of novel superoxide dismutase compounds that can act as both radioprotector and radiosensitizer in the same setting; (2) understanding and exploiting the biological effects of tumor treating fields in combination with radiation and/or chemotherapy agents; (3) developing biomarkers of the radioresponse of lung and liver tissues to high linear-energy transfer radiation exposures, including the development of biomarkers of carcinogenic risk; (4) enhancement of carbon ion radiotherapy for pancreatic and head and neck cancers; and (5) identification of genomic or epigenomic factors that predict or are prognostic for the radioresponse in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Dr. Story's research is funded by the National Cancer Institute, NASA, the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, and industry.

was Professor in Epidemiology in the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health at The University of Manchester, United Kingdom, until his retirement at the end of 2019. He is now Honorary Professor at the Centre, where he specializes in radiation epidemiology.

He graduated with a BSc in Physics, and then received a PhD in High Energy Physics, from the University of Liverpool before joining British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL) in 1977. He worked for BNFL for nearly 30 y, most of the time advising on the risks to health from exposure to radiation, before taking early retirement in 2006 and joining the academic staff of The University of Manchester. In 1994 he received the Founder’s Prize of the U.K. Society for Radiological Protection for “contributions of distinction to radiological protection.”

Dr. Wakeford has worked on many research projects involving exposure to radiation and has published and lectured extensively in the field of radiation epidemiology and risk assessment. He was Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Radiological Protection from 1997 to 2022 and is a member of the Editorial Board of British Journal of Cancer. He has been a member of a number of U.K., European Union, and international expert groups, including Committee 1 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the U.K. Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment. Following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident, he was a member of the U.K. Government’s Scientific Advice Group for Emergencies and the World Health Organization’s Health Risk Assessment Expert Working Group on the Fukushima accident.

holds a higher doctorate (DSc) in Radiation Epidemiology and PhD, MSc and BSc in Physics from the University of Manchester, United Kingdom. Her past work has included involvement with the World Health Organization expert group for assessing the radiation cancer risk in Japan after the 2011 nuclear accident at the Fukushima plant. Some highlights of Dr. Walsh’s research have included papers on analyses of: data from the Life Span Study cohort of Japanese survivors of the World War II atomic-bomb attacks; the development of epidemiological models for thyroid cancer risk in areas affected by the 1986 Chernobyl accident; and the mortality follow-up of German “Wismut” uranium miners. She is an Honorary Visiting Research Fellow in the Medical Physics Group at the University of Zurich, Switzerland and a freelance consultant based in Germany. She is currently involved as a partner, through the University of Zurich, in the European Union EU-CONFIDENCE (Coping with Uncertainty for Improved Modelling and Decision Making in Nuclear Emergencies) project, is a member of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Task Group 91, a member of the German Radiation Protection Commission Wismut steering committee, and a consultant to the European Space Agency.

is a Salvatore Pablo Lucia Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco, where she serves as the Leader of the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Area of Concentration. Dr. Zablotska is a physician and epidemiologist with extensive training and publications in radiation epidemiology, biostatistics, and risk modeling. Her research activities have focused primarily on the examination of risks of radiation exposures in various occupational, medical and environmental settings. Dr. Zablotska's work has clarified the understanding of the effects of occupational radiation exposures on health risks of nuclear power industry workers and workers of the uranium fuel production cycle in various occupational cohorts from the United States and Canada. As a Principal Investigator of the National Cancer Institute-funded Chernobyl studies, she published a number of important publications with the tri-national investigative team which showed that exposures to ingested and inhaled radioactive iodines during childhood lead to increased risks of thyroid cancer similar to risks from external radiation. Study findings redefined the emergency protocols for populations working or living around nuclear power plants and opened a new area of inquiry by showing that exposures to radioiodines increase not only the risks of thyroid cancer, but also of benign thyroid tumors such as follicular adenomas. She served as an expert advisor to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and was a member of the committee for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Dr. Zablotska is an elected Council member of the NCRP.

has been working on many aspects of space radiation research for the last 20 y. He graduated from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee with a PhD in Physics, and his graduate work comprised the development of a pion and muon radiation transport code, including the associated particle production cross section modeling. In January 2003 he began work as a physicist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Langley Research Center. His major areas of research have included the development of space radiation transport methodologies, nuclear and particle physics modeling and their application to mission analysis and vehicle design, and the development of radiation shielding materials. He has also been integral to the development of validation methodologies and on the use of model results in decision making. He is one of the primary authors of the NASA Standard for Models and Simulations, NASA-STD-7009. More recently, his focus has been on the development of probabilistic risk methodology and radiation biology modeling for effects including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and acute radiation syndrome. He was the project manager for the space radiation transport and measurement project and was the principle investigator of the space radiation risk assessment project.

is currently a Special Government Employee (Expert) with the Radiation Protection Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). He was previously the Associate Director for Health for the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory of EPA. He also served as Director of the Environmental Carcinogenesis Division at EPA and as senior science adviser at the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. He has been employed at the Biology Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and has served as Associate Director for the Oak Ridge-University of Tennessee Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Preston's research and current activities have focused on the mechanisms of radiation and chemical carcinogenesis and the approaches for incorporating these types of data into cancer risk assessments by integrating epidemiology and radiation biology.

Dr. Preston currently serves on NCRP committees and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board. He was recently a member of an Office of Science and Technology Policy Committee on Low Dose Radiation Research. He was also recently co-chair of an NAS Committee for a National Aeronautics and Space Administration sponsored project on revising dose limits for astronauts. Dr. Preston was chair of Committee 1 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a member of the ICRP Main Commission, and the Representative and a member of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. He served as Chair for the National Research Council's Committee to Assess the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program and on the Task Group on the Biological Effects of Space Radiation. He is an associate editor of Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. Dr. Preston has had more than 250 peer-reviewed papers and chapters published. He received his BA and MA from Peterhouse, Cambridge University, England, ingenetics and his PhD from Reading University, England, in radiation genetics.

is Acting Director of the Institute of Radiation Protection and leads the Medical and Environmental Dosimetry Group at the Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany. In addition he is professor at the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich.

Dr. Rühm has been a member of Committee 1 (C1) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) since 2005. He served as C1 Secretary from 2012 to 2016, and has continued as C1 Chair since 2016. He was a member of ICRP Task Group (TG) 83 (Protection of Aircraft Crew Against Cosmic Radiation Exposure), and is currently chairing ICRP TG91 on Dose and Dose-Rate Effectiveness Factor. Since 2005 he has served as Editor-in-Chief of the Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journal. In 2014 he was elected Chair of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group, and in 2017 was appointed as a member of the German Radiation Protection Commission (SSK), and as Co-chair of the SSK Committee on Radiation Risk. He has published on various topics including quantification of neutron exposure of atomic-bomb survivors, cosmic-ray exposure of air crew, the role of neutrons in risk assessment of atomic-bomb survivors, risks from low-dose-rate exposures, behaviour of radionuclides in the environment, internal exposures from incorporated radionuclides, and radiation measurement techniques. Werner Rühm is serving as the Chair of the German Commission on Radiation Protection.

is a consultant, currently concentrating on the preparation of scientific reports produced by NCRP in all subject areas. From 1982 to 1995, he was Director, Office of Health Physics at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. He also served in a number of scientific and management positions related to radiation protection during his 33 y career as a Commissioned Officer in the U.S. Public Health Service, from 1962 to 1995. He received a BS in Chemical Engineering (University of Maryland, 1961), an MS in Environmental Engineering (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1966) and a PhD in Nuclear Engineering (University of Maryland, 1971). His technical work has concentrated on radiation dosimetry, particularly with regard to x rays used for medical diagnosis, epidemiological studies of exposed populations, and public radiation emergencies.

He is a Distinguished Emeritus Member of NCRP (after serving as a Council member for 18 y), and an Emeritus member of Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection [after serving on Committee 3 for 28 y (1985 to 2013)]. He was also a member of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements report committee that produced Report 74, Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging.