Report No. 93 (1987) provides an assessment of the average exposure of members of the United States population from all sources of ionizing radiation. This is a comprehensive statement on the total exposure of members of the United States population from all sources on the basis of a common unit, the effective dose equivalent. Considered are six main source categories: natural radiation, occupational (radiation workers), nuclear fuel cycle, consumer products, miscellaneous environmental sources, and medical diagnosis and therapy. For each of these sources, the product of the estimated number of people exposed and the average effective dose equivalent received from that source is expressed as the collective dose from that source. The collective dose from each source is then divided by the entire United States population to obtain the contribution from that source to the average effective dose equivalent for a member of the United States population.
Report No. 093 – Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of United States (1987)
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Report No. 95 is another of the assessment series of reports. This Report recognizes that there are many consumer products available which emit ionizing radiation, in some cases as an essential element of the proper performance of the device and in other cases as incidental or extraneous to the purpose for which the product was designed. The Report evaluates the exposures from all of these types of products. Treated are electronic products such as television receivers and airport luggage inspection systems; radioactive materials such as radioluminous products, building materials, glass and ceramics; and miscellaneous exposure sources such as high voltage vacuum electronic units. Also covered are exposures resulting from disposal of radioactive surplus items and transport of radioactive materials. Recommendations for dose reduction are also provided in the Report.
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Table of Contents Preface
Detailed information on the exposure of the U.S. population to ionizing radiation, based on evaluations made in the early 1980s, was presented by NCRP in Report No. 93. Since that time, the magnitude and distribution among the various sources of radiation exposure to the U.S. population have changed primarily due to increased utilization of ionizing radiation in diagnostic and interventional medical procedures. Documented in this Report are the contributions from all radiation sources in 2006. There are clearly two major contributors to the exposure of the U.S. population from ionizing radiation: exposure to ubiquitous background radiation and medical exposure of patients.
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This Report was prepared to evaluate the potential impact of individual genetic susceptibility and previous radiation exposures on radiation associated health risks for astronauts during their lifetimes following space missions. The Report also evaluates whether either of these factors needs to be included in the radiation protection program for astronauts.